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Article High bonding strength metal film on ceramic fabricated by the catalysis of exsolved nanoparticles combining DLP-based ceramic 3D printing

High bonding strength metal film on ceramic fabricated by the catalysis of exsolved nanoparticles combining DLP-based ceramic 3D printing

Kun Zhang, Shuo Liu, Lehan Wang, Huaixiang Zan, Yushi Chu, Jianzhong Zhang

Available online June 22, 2026 Opto-Electronics Plus

  • Abstract

  • Here, we report that metal films with high bonding strength are deposited on alumina ceramic substrates by virtue of alumina light curing technology, the interface of which can withstand repeated thermal shocks from 1073 K to 77 K. Unlike conventional nickel particles deposited on alumina, exsolved Ni particles are epitaxially bonded to the substrate and catalyze the formation of metal films via chemical deposition, generating the "nanopinning effect". Furthermore, we reveal the exsolution mechanism of particle and weakened Ostwald ripening effect critical for future design of exsolution-based reducible ceramic materials for chemical catalysis and other functionalities. In addition, the metallized ceramic heater and circuit board are fabricated, which show excellent thermal resistance and conductivity respectively. The proposed technique free from traditional sensitization and activation processes opens up a promising strategy of implementing complicated three-dimension constructions with high bonding strength metal films.

  • DLP-based ceramic 3D printing; metal film; high bonding strength; interface; ceramic electronics

  • J.Z. acknowledges funding from the Distinguished Young Scholars of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang under grant No. JQ2022F001. Y.C. was supported by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST under grant no. 2022QNRC001; the Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 62105078; the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central University to the Harbin Engineering University under grant Nos. 3072024XX2702 and 3072025WD2503. S.L. acknowledges funding from the Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 62405074. 

    J.Z. and Y.C. proposed the idea and initiated the project. Y.C. and K.Z designed the experimental process. K.Z, L.W., H.Z. and S.L. finished all the experiments and tests. K.Z., Y.C. and J.Z. analyzed the experimental data. K.Z. and Y.C. wrote the draft. J.Z. revised the draft. 

    The authors declare no competing interests. 


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    • Data Availability

      Any other data supporting the findings in this manuscript are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.


    • Copyright

      Open Access. © The Author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.


    • Cite this Article

      Zhang K, Liu S, Wang LH et al. High bonding strength metal film on ceramic fabricated by the catalysis of exsolved nanoparticles combining DLP-based ceramic 3D printing. Opto-Electron Plus 2, 260008 (2026).



    Review Research progress in integrated optics for optical coherence tomography

    Research progress in integrated optics for optical coherence tomography

    Qianqian Song, Dawei Zhang, Zhihua Ding, Guoqiang Li,

    Available online March 25, 2026 Intelligent Opto-Electronics

    • Abstract

      Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive biomedical imaging technique that exploits the back-reflection and scattering properties of tissue without the need for exogenous contrast agents. It enables high-resolution, in situ visualization of tissue microstructures and pathological features, without requiring specimen removal or processing. OCT offers cross-sectional and three-dimensional imaging of biological tissues with micron-level resolution and millimeter-scale depths. When integrated with an endoscope, OCT becomes a powerful and versatile imaging tool in the medical field. However, conventional OCT systems face several limitations, including a bulky system volume of approximately 1 m3, high costs of around $100,000, operational complexity, limited portability, and the need for precise optical alignment, which demands substantial manpower and time. To overcome these challenges, integrated optics has emerged as a promising solution. In recent years, significant advances have been made in developing OCT systems based on integrated photonics. All the integrated-optics devices, such as light sources, isolators, couplers, circulators, detectors, and active optical components, can be exploited for endoscopic and non-endoscopic OCT systems and enable more compact designs and implementations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these advancements. We first summarize the fundamental principles and imaging properties of OCT, along with the design and functionality of OCT endoscopic probes. We then examine the recent progress in on-chip OCT systems, focusing on system optimization and the implementation of integrated photonic technologies. Finally, we discuss the current challenges, including the full integration of optical components onto a single chip, and explore prospects of integrated-optics based OCT endoscopy, particularly the integration of AI-powered intelligent diagnostics to enhance real-time clinical decision-making and expand the applications of OCT in personalized medicine.


    • Keywords

    • optical coherence tomograpghy; imaging; endoscope; integrated optics

    • This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (62205306); Fudan University through the Research Initiation Project (IDH2323007Y, IDH2323008Y, IDH2323010Y) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.Q. Q. Song thanks the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (62205306). G. Li thanks the financial support from Fudan University through the Research Initiation Project (IDH2323007Y, IDH2323008Y, IDH2323010Y) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 

      Writing-original draft preparation: Q. Q. S. Writing-review and editing: Q.Q. S, G. Q. L. Review, editing and discussion: D. Z, Q. Q. S, G. Q. L, Z. D. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. 

      The authors declare no competing financial interests. 


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    • Copyright

    • Open Access. © The Author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.


    • Cite this Article

      Song QQ, Zhang DW, Ding ZH et al. Research progress in integrated optics for optical coherence tomography. Intell Opto-Electron 2, 250009 (2026).



    Article Polarization-multiplexed meta-neural networks for simultaneous imaging and all-optical classification

    Polarization-multiplexed meta-neural networks for simultaneous imaging and all-optical classification

    Jialuo Cheng, Xu Li, Wenjun Zhu, Mi Zhou, Zihan Geng, Wenzhao Sun, Mu Ku Chen

    Available online March 25, 2026 Intelligent Opto-Electronics

    • Abstract

      Deep learning has transformed perception and inference but remains constrained by memory–compute bottlenecks, latency, and energy costs. All-optical diffractive deep neural networks (D2NNs) alleviate these limitations by computing with light, yet most implementations trade image formation for direct classification, limiting downstream processing. Here we introduce a polarization-multiplexed meta-neural network (PMNN) that unifies imaging and classification within a single, static optical platform. The PMNN employs cascaded metasurfaces whose meta-atoms jointly harness geometric (Pancharatnam–Berry) and propagation phases to engineer distinct phase profiles for left- and right-circularly polarized (LCP and RCP) channels. This polarization contrast enables dual-channel functionality. Under LCP illumination, the system performs lens-like imaging, whereas under RCP illumination, it executes all-optical classification via diffractive routing to predefined detection regions. Built on a differentiable angular-spectrum forward model and trained end-to-end, the PMNN achieves 96.51% accuracy on handwritten-digit recognition while delivering an imaging mean squared error of 5.38×10−3, a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 22.70 dB, and a structural similarity index measure of 0.90. By coupling perception with inference without mechanical switching or electronic post-processing, the proposed approach enhances utility, reduces computational load, and offers a practical path toward compact, scalable, and energy-efficient optical intelligent systems.


    • Keywords

    • meta-device; metasurface; diffractive deep neural networks

    • This work is financed by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation [2025A1515011846], the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [62405254]; the Fundamental and Applied Fundamental Research Foundation Project of Guangdong Province [No. 2023A1515140108]; the University Grants Committee/Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [CRF Project: C5031-22G; and GRF Project: CityU11310522; CityU11300123]; City University of Hong Kong [Project No. 9610628 and No. 7020142]; Guangdong and Hong Kong Universities '1+1+1' Joint Research Collaboration Scheme. 

      M.K.C. and J.C. conceived the idea for this work. M.K.C. supervised the research. J.C. is responsible for developing algorithms and implementing methods. M.Z. and Z.G. conceived the development of light field computing. X.L., J.C., and W.Z. built FDTD simulations. W.S. and Z. G. provided the high-speed computing hardware and guidance for the simulation work. J.C., X.L., and W.Z. perform data processing and analysis. All authors discussed the results and provided comments on the manuscript. 

      The authors declare no competing financial interests. 


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      • Copyright

      • Open Access. © The Author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.


      • Cite this Article

        Cheng JL, Li X, Zhu WJ et al. Polarization-multiplexed meta-neural networks for simultaneous imaging and all-optical classification. Intell Opto-Electron 2, 250017 (2026).



      Review Advances in intelligent fiber-optic microfluidic-embedded technologies for empowered sensing performance: a review

      Advances in intelligent fiber-optic microfluidic-embedded technologies for empowered sensing performance: a review

      Shadab Dabagh, Rukmani Singh, Claudia Borri, Hamed Ghorbanpoor, Golara Ghorban Dordinejad, Mahdi Bahadoran, Ambra Giannetti, Francesco Baldini, Huseyin Avci, Francesco Chiavaioli

      Available online March 25, 2026 Intelligent Opto-Electronics

      • Abstract

        The convergence of Lab-on-Fiber (LoF) technology, microfluidics, and artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a new and powerful paradigm for next-generation intelligent sensing systems. Combining AI with LoF-microfluidic devices can cover the residual gap by enhancing precise microfluidic control, data analysis, adaptive calibration, and predictive sensing, thereby opening new pathways for intelligent, miniaturized, reliable, and multifunctional devices for biomedical sensing and environmental monitoring. Microfluidic technologies leverage high-precision and flow rate-controlled sample delivery, reagent optimization, and simple prototyping, which make them excellent for real-time sensing. LoF devices showcase unique light control at the nanoscale level and their integration onto microfluidic chips empowers signal-to-noise ratio and, ultimately, limit of detection in a controlled environment. Advances in materials science and engineering have allowed the realization of different types of nanostructures which are integrated onto fiber sensors whose performance can be optimally tuned to detect a variety of markers and molecules. However, open challenges still exist, such as scalability, reproducibility of results, detection of multiple targets, effective compensation of interfering parameters and fast data processing. Innovative AI-driven solutions and novel functional bio-/materials are being developed to overcome these barriers and possibly meet the future demands. A roadmap toward intelligent LoF-microfluidic platforms is finally envisioned.


      • Keywords

      • optical fiber sensors; biophotonics; microfluidics; artificial intelligence

      • F.C. acknowledges financial support under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.1, Call for tender No. 1409 published on 14/09/2022 by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR), funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU – Project Title ‘‘Fiber optics sensors as a platform for cancer diagnosis and in vitro model testing (FOCAL)” – CUP B53D23024170001 – Grant Assignment Decree No. 1383 adopted on 01/09/2023 by the Italian MUR, and Project Title ‘‘Engineering Functional Metal Nanocluster-Protein Architectures for Bio(sensing and catalytic) applications (ProNano4Bio)” – B53D23013940006 – Grant Assignment Decree No. 958 adopted on 30/06/2023 by the Italian MUR. H.A. acknowledges financial support given by the Turkish Scientific and Technological Council (TÜBİTAK 1004-Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research and Applications) under the grant numbers of 20AG003 and 20AG031, and by TÜBİTAK 1005-National New Ideas and Products under grant numbers of 123E013 and 225S581. 

        Shadab Dabagh and Francesco Chiavaioli conceived of the idea and designed the review. Rukmani Singh, Claudia Borri, Hamed Ghorbanpoor, Golara Ghorban Dordinejad, and Mahdi Bahadoran created and edited the figures. Shadab Dabagh led the manuscript writing – original draft. Shadab Dabagh, Ambra Giannetti, Francesco Baldini, Huseyin Avci, and Francesco Chiavaioli led the manuscript writing – review & editing. All authors participated in the review and discussion of the manuscript. 

        The authors declare no competing financial interests. 


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        • Copyright

          Open Access. © The Author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.


        • Cite this Article

          Dabagh S, Singh R, Borri C et al. Advances in intelligent fiber-optic microfluidic-embedded technologies for empowered sensing performance: a review. Intell Opto-Electron 2, 250015 (2026).


        Article Decomposition and mode-weight estimation of mixed-mode OAM beams via diffractive neural networks

        Decomposition and mode-weight estimation of mixed-mode OAM beams via diffractive neural networks

        Lijun Wang, Jingdong Wang, Yingli Ha, Yinghui Guo, Mingfeng Xu, Mingbo Pu, Yunjie Liu, Xiangang Luo, Author Information

        Available online March 25, 2026 Intelligent Opto-Electronics

        • Abstract

          Beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have attracted considerable interest in high-capacity optical communication owing to their infinite-dimensional state space. Conventional methods for detecting OAM modes face significant limitations, including bulky systems, slow response times, and restricted detection ranges. Although deep learning algorithm have shown promise in mitigating some of these challenges, the characterization of mode distributions within mixed-mode OAM beams has received limited attention. We propose an all-optical, end-to-end approach for decomposing mixed-mode OAM beams and estimating their mode weights using diffractive deep neural network (D2NN). The network directly maps the incident optical field to outputs that both identify the constituent OAM modes and estimate their relative contributions. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the method can accurately recover the weights of up to 21 hybrid modes. Moreover, it maintains strong robustness under atmospheric perturbations, with the relative error remaining below 7%. This approach enables precise and efficient reconstruction of the OAM beams across varying numbers of modes, offering broad potential in multidimensional information encoding, quantum information processing, and optical computing.


        • Keywords

        • diffractive optical neural networks; orbital angular momentum; mixed-mode decomposition; mode-weight estimation

        • This research was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2021YFA1401003), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 62305345, U24A6010, 62222513). 

          L.-X.G. supervised the whole project. W.-L.J. performed the theoretical calculations and validation. W.-L.J. and W.-J.D. completed the initial structure and network construction. W.-L.J. and W.-J.D. contributed to the results analysis and data processing. W.-L.J. contributed to the data interpretation. W.-J.D. wrote the initial manuscript. W.-L.J., W.-J.D., H.-Y.L., and G.-Y.H. revised and edited the manuscript. All authors contributed to the discussions and preparation of the manuscript. 

          Xiangang Luo serves as an Editor for the Journal, and no other author has reported any competing interests. 


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          Copyright

        • Open Access. © The Author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.


        • Cite this Article

          Wang LJ, Wang JD, Ha YL et al. Decomposition and mode-weight estimation of mixed-mode OAM beams via diffractive neural networks. Intell Opto-Electron 2, 250011 (2026).


        To the Future: The Infinite Possibilities of Technology

        To the Future: The Infinite Possibilities of Technology

        Xiangang Luo; Minghui Hong

        Technology Technology

        2026-e0001.pdf

        While science takes as its mandate the revelation of the physical world's operating laws, technology, driven by the developmental needs of humanity, serves as the core force that transforms the world. From the roar of the steam engine to the iterative leaps of artificial intelligence, and from the ubiquity of electrical grids to the dawn of quantum information, technology has always been the critical engine of civilizational advancement. It not only responds to practical needs but also continuously reshapes the boundaries of our ability to understand and transform the world. Technology is not merely the physical extension of scientific knowledge; it is the concentrated expression of human wisdom and creativity. With every leap, it profoundly rewrites the underlying logic of how society operates.

        The wave of industrial civilization propelled humanity into an era of explosive technological innovation. Today, we are better equipped than at any time in history to map the trajectory of technological evolution and analyze its internal logic and developmental laws: from the breakthrough of fundamental principles to the expansion of application scenarios, from the emergence of individual innovations to the synergy of entire technological systems, and from deep advancement within individual disciplines to integrative innovation across multiple fields. The development of technology is both the materialization of scientific laws and the distillation and sublimation of human needs. Exploring this essence of technology is not only the key to understanding the past but also the beacon guiding the future. The history of technology demonstrates that truly disruptive innovations often emerge at the blurred boundaries between disciplines, within the tension between basic research and practical needs. It is this tension that drives technology from the laboratory to industry, transforming theoretical constructs into tangible power.

        However, the current field of technological research still faces many challenges: disciplinary barriers impede systemic innovation, there is a lack of efficient channels for translating fundamental research into engineering applications, and in the face of global issues such as climate change, energy crises, and public health, technological breakthroughs urgently require stronger systemic responses.

        It is against this backdrop that Technology is launched. As a peer-reviewed, international journal, Technology’s mission is to build a platform for the multidisciplinary study of technological development. We take a global view and a rigorous, evidence-based approach. We will examine the historical drivers, institutional mechanisms, and emerging frontiers of technology.

        The journal warmly welcomes high-quality original research papers and forward-looking reviews, encompassing the following core technological directions:

        -Basic sciences and frontier interdisciplinary research: focusing on the deep integration of mathematics, physics, chemistry and other basic disciplines with engineering technology, advocating innovation across the full chain from fundamental discoveries to technological translation;

        -Life sciences and healthcare: covering biomedical engineering, precision medicine, synthetic biology, intelligent diagnostics and therapeutics, committed to safeguarding human health through technological breakthroughs;

        -Information technology and intelligent sciences: focusing on artificial intelligence, big data, photonic computing, quantum information, communication networks and other frontier fields, driving the underlying architectural innovation of the information age;

        -Advanced manufacturing and mechanical engineering: exploring smart manufacturing, robotics, precision machining, additive manufacturing and other directions, reshaping the future form of manufacturing;

        -Energy and environmental engineering: addressing clean energy, energy storage technologies, carbon neutrality technologies, environmental monitoring and remediation, responding to the challenges of sustainable development with engineering solutions;

        -Materials science and engineering: covering the full spectrum from structural materials to functional materials, from nanoscale to macroscopic properties, consolidating the foundation of technological progress;

        -Astronomy and earth sciences: focusing on deep space exploration, remote sensing technologies, and earth system science, expanding the frontiers of human knowledge.

        This journal not only highlights contemporary breakthroughs in technology but also strives to uncover the intrinsic laws of technological evolution. We advocate using scientific methodologies to analyze the underlying logic of technological innovation, propelling technological research from empirical summaries toward theoretical frameworks. We encourage deep interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral integration, exploring the interactive relationships between technology, society, ethics, and ecology, thereby ensuring that technological innovation advances steadily on a path that serves human well-being. We firmly believe that technology never develops in isolation; it shares a profound, symbiotic relationship with science, culture, institutions, and the environment. Only by examining technology within a broader system can we truly grasp its trajectory.

        As a newly launched journal, we uphold the following editorial philosophies:

        First, international vision. We aim to bring together the wisdom of top scholars worldwide, build an open and inclusive academic community, and promote cross-border, cross-cultural intellectual exchange and collaborative innovation.

        Second, pursuit of frontier. We are keenly attuned to the harbingers of technological change, prioritize publication of forward-looking, disruptive, and systemically impactful research, and aspire to be a bellwether of technological innovation.

        Third, cross-disciplinary orientation. We break down traditional disciplinary silos, encourage the discovery of new breakthroughs at the intersection of disciplines, and promote the integration and restructuring of technological systems.

        Fourth, social responsibility. We adhere to the principle of technology for good, pay attention to the ethical dimensions and social impacts of technological development, and ensure that technology always serves the overall interests of human civilization.

        Fifth, commitment to open science. We adhere to the open-access publishing model, promote the free dissemination and sharing of knowledge, and accelerate the translation of research outcomes into practical applications.

        We hereby sincerely invite scholars, engineers, and scientists across the globe to submit their finest work to Technology. Whether you are an expert deeply rooted in a specific field or an explorer active at interdisciplinary frontiers, Technology will provide you with rigorous, fair, and efficient peer-review services, alongside an international platform to widely disseminate your research. We look forward to defining the future of technology together with you.

        May Technology become a window into the soul of innovation — a bridge that connects ideas and sparks collaboration. Let us push technological civilization to a higher plane. With reason as our compass and innovation as our sail, we will explore the boundless possibilities of technology, contributing our knowledge and strength to the lasting progress of humankind. On this journey filled with unknowns and hope, Technology stands ready to walk alongside global scholars, witnessing and recording every breakthrough from 0 to 1 and every leap from 1 to N.

        Competing interests

        The authors declare no competing interests.

        Article History

        Received Date: 2026-07-31

        Accepted Date: 2026-08-14

        Published Date: 2026-08

        Corresponding Author

        Citation

        Luo XG, Hong MH. To the Future: The Infinite Possibilities of Technology. Technology 1, 26e001 (2026)

        Author Information

        Corresponding author Xiangang Luo, E-mail: lxg@ioe.ac.cn

        State Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Institute of Optics and Electronics, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China

        Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610209, China

        Minghui Hong

        Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China

        Copyright & License

        © The Author(s) 2026. Published by Technology Publishing.

        Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

        References

          Journal launch: Welcome to Intelligent Opto-Electronics

          Journal launch: Welcome to Intelligent Opto-Electronics

          Xiangang Luo; Minghui Hong

          Technology Technology

          While science takes as its mandate the revelation of the physical world's operating laws, technology, driven by the developmental needs of humanity, serves as the core force that transforms the world. From the roar of the steam engine to the iterative leaps of artificial intelligence, and from the ubiquity of electrical grids to the dawn of quantum information, technology has always been the critical engine of civilizational advancement. It not only responds to practical needs but also continuously reshapes the boundaries of our ability to understand and transform the world. Technology is not merely the physical extension of scientific knowledge; it is the concentrated expression of human wisdom and creativity. With every leap, it profoundly rewrites the underlying logic of how society operates.

          The wave of industrial civilization propelled humanity into an era of explosive technological innovation. Today, we are better equipped than at any time in history to map the trajectory of technological evolution and analyze its internal logic and developmental laws: from the breakthrough of fundamental principles to the expansion of application scenarios, from the emergence of individual innovations to the synergy of entire technological systems, and from deep advancement within individual disciplines to integrative innovation across multiple fields. The development of technology is both the materialization of scientific laws and the distillation and sublimation of human needs. Exploring this essence of technology is not only the key to understanding the past but also the beacon guiding the future. The history of technology demonstrates that truly disruptive innovations often emerge at the blurred boundaries between disciplines, within the tension between basic research and practical needs. It is this tension that drives technology from the laboratory to industry, transforming theoretical constructs into tangible power.

          However, the current field of technological research still faces many challenges: disciplinary barriers impede systemic innovation, there is a lack of efficient channels for translating fundamental research into engineering applications, and in the face of global issues such as climate change, energy crises, and public health, technological breakthroughs urgently require stronger systemic responses.

          It is against this backdrop that Technology is launched. As a peer-reviewed, international journal, Technology’s mission is to build a platform for the multidisciplinary study of technological development. We take a global view and a rigorous, evidence-based approach. We will examine the historical drivers, institutional mechanisms, and emerging frontiers of technology.

          The journal warmly welcomes high-quality original research papers and forward-looking reviews, encompassing the following core technological directions:

          -Basic sciences and frontier interdisciplinary research: focusing on the deep integration of mathematics, physics, chemistry and other basic disciplines with engineering technology, advocating innovation across the full chain from fundamental discoveries to technological translation;

          -Life sciences and healthcare: covering biomedical engineering, precision medicine, synthetic biology, intelligent diagnostics and therapeutics, committed to safeguarding human health through technological breakthroughs;

          -Information technology and intelligent sciences: focusing on artificial intelligence, big data, photonic computing, quantum information, communication networks and other frontier fields, driving the underlying architectural innovation of the information age;

          -Advanced manufacturing and mechanical engineering: exploring smart manufacturing, robotics, precision machining, additive manufacturing and other directions, reshaping the future form of manufacturing;

          -Energy and environmental engineering: addressing clean energy, energy storage technologies, carbon neutrality technologies, environmental monitoring and remediation, responding to the challenges of sustainable development with engineering solutions;

          -Materials science and engineering: covering the full spectrum from structural materials to functional materials, from nanoscale to macroscopic properties, consolidating the foundation of technological progress;

          -Astronomy and earth sciences: focusing on deep space exploration, remote sensing technologies, and earth system science, expanding the frontiers of human knowledge.

          This journal not only highlights contemporary breakthroughs in technology but also strives to uncover the intrinsic laws of technological evolution. We advocate using scientific methodologies to analyze the underlying logic of technological innovation, propelling technological research from empirical summaries toward theoretical frameworks. We encourage deep interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral integration, exploring the interactive relationships between technology, society, ethics, and ecology, thereby ensuring that technological innovation advances steadily on a path that serves human well-being. We firmly believe that technology never develops in isolation; it shares a profound, symbiotic relationship with science, culture, institutions, and the environment. Only by examining technology within a broader system can we truly grasp its trajectory.

          As a newly launched journal, we uphold the following editorial philosophies:

          First, international vision. We aim to bring together the wisdom of top scholars worldwide, build an open and inclusive academic community, and promote cross-border, cross-cultural intellectual exchange and collaborative innovation.

          Second, pursuit of frontier. We are keenly attuned to the harbingers of technological change, prioritize publication of forward-looking, disruptive, and systemically impactful research, and aspire to be a bellwether of technological innovation.

          Third, cross-disciplinary orientation. We break down traditional disciplinary silos, encourage the discovery of new breakthroughs at the intersection of disciplines, and promote the integration and restructuring of technological systems.

          Fourth, social responsibility. We adhere to the principle of technology for good, pay attention to the ethical dimensions and social impacts of technological development, and ensure that technology always serves the overall interests of human civilization.

          Fifth, commitment to open science. We adhere to the open-access publishing model, promote the free dissemination and sharing of knowledge, and accelerate the translation of research outcomes into practical applications.

          We hereby sincerely invite scholars, engineers, and scientists across the globe to submit their finest work to Technology. Whether you are an expert deeply rooted in a specific field or an explorer active at interdisciplinary frontiers, Technology will provide you with rigorous, fair, and efficient peer-review services, alongside an international platform to widely disseminate your research. We look forward to defining the future of technology together with you.

          May Technology become a window into the soul of innovation — a bridge that connects ideas and sparks collaboration. Let us push technological civilization to a higher plane. With reason as our compass and innovation as our sail, we will explore the boundless possibilities of technology, contributing our knowledge and strength to the lasting progress of humankind. On this journey filled with unknowns and hope, Technology stands ready to walk alongside global scholars, witnessing and recording every breakthrough from 0 to 1 and every leap from 1 to N.

          Competing interests

          The authors declare no competing interests.

          Article History

          Received Date: 2026-07-31

          Accepted Date: 2026-08-14

          Published Date: 2026-08

          Corresponding Author

          Citation

          Luo XG, Hong MH. To the Future: The Infinite Possibilities of Technology. Technology 1, 26e001 (2026)

          Author Information

          Corresponding author Xiangang Luo, E-mail: lxg@ioe.ac.cn

          State Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Institute of Optics and Electronics, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China

          Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610209, China

          Minghui Hong

          Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China

          Copyright & License

          © The Author(s) 2026. Published by Technology Publishing.

          Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

          References

            Tripolarization and multimode holography via a neural metasurface for high-capacity security encryption

            Tripolarization and multimode holography via a neural metasurface for high-capacity security encryption

            Xiangang Luo; Minghui Hong

            Technology Technology

            Scientific publications enable researchers worldwide to share discoveries and document progress in human knowledge. Publications are often categorized into science and engineering. Science articles typically focus on uncovering new understanding by exploring questions like “Why?” or “How does this happen?". Engineering articles, on the other hand, concentrate on applying existing knowledge to develop new tools, materials, systems, or algorithms, addressing questions like “Can we build this better?” or “How can we solve this problem?". Currently, there is increasing concern about the lack of a middle ground between fundamental science journals and engineering journals focused on system design and optimization. The Journal of Technology seeks to bridge this gap where scientific inquiry meets engineering innovation

            While science seeks to uncover the laws governing the physical world, technology driven by human needs serves as the primary engine for transforming it. From steam engines and electrical grids to artificial intelligence and quantum information, technological advances have repeatedly reshaped the trajectory of human development, remaining the fundamental driver of civilizational progress. Technology not only responds to practical human needs but also continuously reshapes the boundaries of our ability to understand and transform the world. It is more than an extension of scientific knowledge: it is the concentrated expression of human wisdom and creativity. With every leap, it rewrites the underlying logic of how society operates.

            Industrialization has propelled humanity into an era of rapid technological innovation. Today, we are better equipped than ever to trace the evolution of technology and analyze its underlying logic and patterns of development—from breakthroughs in fundamental principles to the expansion of applications, from the emergence of individual innovations to the synergy of entire technological systems, and from advances within individual disciplines to integrative innovation across multiple fields. The development of technology involves both the application of scientific principles and refinement of human needs. Exploring this essence of technology is not only the key to understanding the past but also essential to shaping the future. The history of technology demonstrates that disruptive innovations often emerge at the blurred boundaries between disciplines and from the tension between basic research and practical needs. This tension drives technology from the laboratory to industry, transforming theoretical constructs into practical capabilities.

            The technological frontier no longer advances by simply scaling existing paradigms. It is increasingly constrained by physical and systemic limits that incremental engineering alone cannot bypass. Three converging bottlenecks are likely to define the next decade.

            First, in computing hardware, photonic interconnects may help overcome the energy constraints of electronic data movement. However, nonvolatile optical-weight refresh and crosstalk-suppressed detection remain unsolved. Without addressing these challenges, photonics may remain peripheral rather than become foundational. Second, in semiconductor manufacturing, stochastic effects—governed by photon statistics rather than resist chemistry—now constrain yields at sub-2-nm nodes, shifting the ultimate limit from conventional engineering toward probabilistic control at the nanoscale. Third, in artificial intelligence for science, the principal constraint is not model architecture but data interoperability: fragmented datasets and non-unified ontologies confine progress to isolated proofs of concept.

            These are not isolated pain points but the symptoms of a broader structural pivot. Sustained progress now depends less on refining individual components and more on redesigning the interfaces among physical mechanisms, data architectures, and system engineering approaches.

            It is against this backdrop that Technology is being launched. Our central mission is to bridge the persistent gap between scientific insight and robust engineering, a divide that can leave promising ideas stranded in the laboratory. In pursuing this mission, we seek to extend the conventional paradigm of academic publishing by redefining what constitutes a foundational technical contribution. We believe that crossing this threshold demands research that spans scales—from the molecular to the system level, and from controlled experiments to real-world operation. Technology is an international, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to multidisciplinary research on technological evolution, providing a forum for connecting fundamental scientific discovery and applied engineering. Through rigorous empirical inquiry, the journal investigates the historical contexts, institutional frameworks, and frontier innovations that shape global technological advancement.

            The journal welcomes high-quality original research papers and forward-looking reviews encompassing the following core areas of technological development:

            -Frontier interdisciplinary research: Focusing on the deep integration of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and other foundational disciplines with engineering technology, and promoting innovation across the full pathway from fundamental discovery to technological translation.

            -Life sciences and healthcare: Covering biomedical engineering, precision medicine, synthetic biology, intelligent diagnostics, and therapeutics, with a focus on advancing human health through technological innovation.

            -Information technology and intelligent sciences: Focusing on artificial intelligence, big data, photonic computing, quantum information, communication networks, and other frontier fields driving the architectural innovation in the information age.

            -Advanced manufacturing and mechanical engineering: Exploring smart manufacturing, robotics, precision machining, additive manufacturing, and related fields that are shaping the future of manufacturing.

            -Energy and environmental engineering: Addressing clean energy, energy storage, carbon neutrality, environmental monitoring, and remediation, through engineering solutions that support sustainable development.

            -Materials science and engineering: Covering the full spectrum from structural to functional materials, and from nanoscale to macroscopic properties, while strengthening the foundations of technological progress.

            -Astronomy and Earth sciences: Focusing on deep space exploration, remote sensing technologies, and Earth systems science to advance the frontiers of human knowledge.

            Although these thematic areas define the scope of Technology, our editorial philosophy is grounded in the recognition that technological translation is inherently nonlinear. The advancement of applied science operates as a dynamic feedback loop: engineering bottlenecks expose the limits of fundamental theories, while scientific discoveries generate the new tools and instruments needed to overcome those limits. Technology is founded on the premise that this iterative exchange is a key driver of large-scale advancement. Historically, the literature has tended to prioritizes findings that are readily amenable to theoretical formalization. However, we contend that critical knowledge operates within two complementary paradigms.

            First, we maintain a strong commitment to reproducible scientific formalisms—the algorithms, material syntheses, and operational protocols validated through rigorous empirical peer review—that provide the foundation for applied engineering.

            Second, and equally importantly, we recognize the scholarly value of empirical heuristics and tacit engineering knowledge. We welcome studies that examine architectural optimizations, robustness protocols, and iterative refinements that ensure system viability in complex real-world environments, even in the absence of a unified theoretical framework. We are particularly interested in studies that reveal how microscopic mechanisms translate into macroscopic behavior and identify the scaling principles that connect laboratory findings with industrial practice. Thus, field-validated methodologies have intrinsic academic value.

            Furthermore, we recognize that systematic limitations can be as scientifically informative as functional validations. We therefore encourage submissions that rigorously document falsified hypotheses, implementation bottlenecks, and unresolved epistemological gaps. A comprehensively analyzed negative result can delineate the technological frontier more precisely than an incremental optimization.

            Technology not only highlights contemporary breakthroughs in technology, but also seeks to advance understanding of the underlying principles that shape technological evolution. We advocate the use of scientific methods to analyze the underlying logic of technological innovation and to advance research from empirical observation toward theoretical frameworks. We encourage deep interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral integration research that examines the interactions among technology, society, ethics, and ecology, with the aim of ensuring that technological innovation advances in ways that serves human well-being. Furthermore, as the research ecosystem becomes increasingly global and collaborative, a critical governance challenge has emerged: balancing the imperative of knowledge dissemination with the strategic and commercial need to protect proprietary intellectual property. Technology aims to foster a rigorous discussion of this tension, seeking to ensure that efforts to promote open-source innovation do not inadvertently weaken that support investment in deep technology. We firmly believe that technology does not develop in isolation but is shaped by—and in turn shapes—science, culture, institutions, and the environment. Understanding this broader system is therefore essential to understanding the trajectory of technology.

            As a newly launched journal, Technology upholds the following editorial philosophies:

            An international vision: We aim to bring together leading scholars worldwide; build an open and inclusive academic community; and promote cross-border, cross-cultural intellectual exchange and collaborative innovation.

            Pursuit of the frontier: We seek to identify emerging technological trends; prioritize forward-looking research with the potential to advance technological innovation and generate system-level impact.

            A cross-disciplinary orientation: We seek to overcome traditional disciplinary boundaries, encourage the discoveries at the intersection of disciplines, and promote the integration and restructuring of technological systems.

            Social responsibility: We support technological development that considers ethical dimensions and social impacts and seek to ensure that technology serves the broader interests of humanity.

            Commitment to open science: We support open-access publishing, promote the dissemination and sharing of knowledge, and facilitate the translation of research findings into practical applications.

            We invite scholars, engineers, and scientists across the globe to submit their work to Technology, and particularly warm welcome contributions from industry professionals, research and development leaders, and technology entrepreneurs. We believe that most transformative innovations emerge at the intersection of academic inquiry and industrial practice. Technology seeks to foster this exchange through a bidirectional dialogue: translating scientific discoveries into practical applications, while bringing the engineering challenges encountered in real-world settings back to the research community. By bridging the gap between the laboratory and factory floor, we aim to strengthen the cycle of knowledge creation and technological deployment. Whether you are an expert in a specific field or an investigator working at interdisciplinary frontiers, Technology will provide rigorous, fair, and efficient peer-review, alongside an international platform for disseminating your research. We look forward to shaping the future of technology together.

            We hope that Technology will become a platform that connects ideas, disciplines, and communities and fosters meaningful collaboration. Let us push technological civilization to a higher plane. With reason as our compass and innovation as our sail, we will explore the boundless possibilities of technology, contributing our knowledge and strength to the lasting progress of humankind. On this journey filled with unknowns and hope, Technology stands ready to walk alongside global scholars, witnessing and recording every breakthrough from 0 to 1 and every leap from 1 to N.

            Acknowledgement

            During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used Deepseek for proofreading purposes. After using this tool, all authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the final content of the manuscript.

            Competing interests

            The authors declare no competing interests.

            Article History

            Received Date: 2026-07-31

            Accepted Date: 2026-08-14

            Published Date: 2026-08

            Corresponding Author

            Citation

            Luo XG, Hong MH. To the Future: The Infinite Possibilities of Technology. Technology 1, 26e001 (2026)

            Author Information

            Corresponding author Xiangang Luo, E-mail: lxg@ioe.ac.cn

            State Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Institute of Optics and Electronics, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China

            Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610209, China

            Minghui Hong

            Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China

            Copyright & License

            © The Author(s) 2026. Published by Technology Publishing.

            Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

            References