Corrections and Retractions

Technology has the responsibility to ensure the integrity and accuracy of academic records. Changes to articles after they have been published online may only be made under the circumstances outlined below.

An Erratum is a statement by the authors of the original paper, published in the same journal, which briefly describes any correction(s) resulting from errors or omissions, noting any effects on the conclusions of the paper.

The original paper is neither corrected nor removed from the online journal, but an erratum notice is given on the abstract page. The date when the correction is made is noted on the corrected article.

A Retraction is a notice that the paper should not be regarded as part of the scientific literature. Retractions can be initiated by the authors when they have discovered substantial scientific errors, and may also be issued if the Editorial Ethics Review Panel has determined that misconduct has occurred, such as plagiarism, fraudulent use of data, duplicate submission, bogus authorship, etc.

A notice of retraction is appended to the original PDF article and also displayed on the abstract page.

The retraction indicates the reason for the action and who is responsible for the decision.